Value, Morality, and Ethics

Abstract

What is the nature, origin, and ontological status of what we call 'value'? This article argues that value does not exist objectively, but is a purely non-objective phenomenon. Most importantly, I seek to clarify the concept of value and change the orientation of value toward the individual by considering Mackie, Ross, Spinoza, Hobbes, and recent theories regarding group selection. Finally, I conclude by asserting that any form of "greater good" must rest on and be considered at the level of the individual.